Comment 2 for bug 1798956

The error in your logs is:

Setting up shim-signed (1.37~18.04.2+15+1533136590.3beb971-0ubuntu1) ...
Installerar för x86_64-efi-plattformar.
grub-install: fel: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Okänt fel -1.
dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
 installed shim-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1

The output of efibootmgr also shows that the boot order configured in your firmware does not list Ubuntu first - which is why the system does not automatically boot to Ubuntu.

But Ubuntu would not have caused itself to not be listed first, so something outside of Ubuntu must have done this. And if Ubuntu is not able to write to the variables in firmware - for unclear reasons - then this is not fixable by Ubuntu.

Do you have firmware security settings in place that are preventing Ubuntu from updating the BootOrder?