Had the same symptoms and downgrading to libusb-0.1.4 fixed it here too (HP 3330 MFP).
In Synaptic select package libusb-0.1.4, then the menu item Package->Force Version, choose "2:0.1.12-14 (lucid)" and apply the changes. After that reconnecting the printer was enough to make both scanning and printing work again.
Had the same symptoms and downgrading to libusb-0.1.4 fixed it here too (HP 3330 MFP).
In Synaptic select package libusb-0.1.4, then the menu item Package->Force Version, choose "2:0.1.12-14 (lucid)" and apply the changes. After that reconnecting the printer was enough to make both scanning and printing work again.
Thanks Jaak for tracking this down!