Nothing to do with ubuntu-meta - not really anything specifically to do with meta-kde either except that the KDE packages are pretty big and monolithic and so run into this aspect of the structure of the packaging system a lot.
It definitely wouldn't have upgraded all of KDE, just all the binaries from the source package kdebase. Upgrades happen at the granularity of source packages, because that's what developers upload.
Nothing to do with ubuntu-meta - not really anything specifically to do with meta-kde either except that the KDE packages are pretty big and monolithic and so run into this aspect of the structure of the packaging system a lot.
It definitely wouldn't have upgraded all of KDE, just all the binaries from the source package kdebase. Upgrades happen at the granularity of source packages, because that's what developers upload.