I installed today's Ubuntu daily image and added gnome-shell to it. GNOME Software gave a notification that there were updates available. When I clicked either Update or Update All on the Updates page of GNOME Software, nothing happened.
I'm attaching a verbose log.
ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 17.10
Package: gnome-software 3.24.1-0ubuntu4
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.10.0-20.22-generic 4.10.8
Uname: Linux 4.10.0-20-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.4-0ubuntu7
Architecture: amd64
CurrentDesktop: GNOME
Date: Sun May 14 12:45:32 2017
InstallationDate: Installed on 2017-05-14 (0 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 17.10 "Artful Aardvark" - Alpha amd64 (20170514)
SourcePackage: gnome-software
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
Care to try wip/ubuntu-3-24 or wip/ubuntu-master upstream? I noticed this was broken too and poked into it. I found a few things that I thought were problems and tried to fix them. I was able to do an upgrade using the 3-24 branch built using of jhbuild.
It's the commit on top. If it works for you and you want to upload, feel free to squash / force push / upload. If it doesn't, feel free to investigate some more and fix. :)