I faced this problem on Ubuntu 15.04. The missing device nodes / kernel module can manifest in all kind of failures and error messages, depending on which application you try to use. Due to the misleading error messages it took hours to finally track down the issue and find this ticket with the correct explanation and solution. Installing the nvidia-modprobe package solved the problem instantly. Having this package recommended with the nvidia driver and/or a dependency of the nvidia-cuda-toolkit package could have saved this wasted effort.
I faced this problem on Ubuntu 15.04. The missing device nodes / kernel module can manifest in all kind of failures and error messages, depending on which application you try to use. Due to the misleading error messages it took hours to finally track down the issue and find this ticket with the correct explanation and solution. Installing the nvidia-modprobe package solved the problem instantly. Having this package recommended with the nvidia driver and/or a dependency of the nvidia-cuda-toolkit package could have saved this wasted effort.