Dell Precision 3510 / AMD FirePro W5130M: amdgpu driver crashes when attempting to run GPU in high performance mode

The amdgpu kernel driver causes system crashes and hangs when attempting to run 3D applications in high performance mode.

1) The release of Ubuntu you are using, via 'lsb_release -rd' or System -> About Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Release: 18.04
Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release: 20.04

2) The version of the package you are using, via 'apt-cache policy pkgname' or by checking in Software Center
I'm not sure how to determine which package provides the amdgpu kernel driver. The file is located here:
Ubuntu 18.04: /lib/modules/5.3.0-61-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu.ko
Ubuntu 20.04: /usr/lib/modules/5.4.0-39-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu.ko

3) What you expected to happen
I expected the system to run stably under the GPU's high performance mode.

4) What happened instead
Various things will happen
...the application attempting to make use of the GPU will freeze.
...the entire system will freeze.
...various errors in /var/log/syslog and dmesg output, including errors like "BUG: kernel..."

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 18.04
Package: linux-image-5.3.0-61-generic 5.3.0-61.55~18.04.1
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.3.0-61.55~18.04.1-generic 5.3.18
Uname: Linux 5.3.0-61-generic x86_64
ApportVersion: 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.15
Architecture: amd64
CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
Date: Sun Jun 28 12:18:53 2020
InstallationDate: Installed on 2020-02-29 (119 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS "Bionic Beaver" - Release amd64 (20200203.1)
ProcEnviron:
 TERM=screen
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: linux-signed-hwe
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
---
ProblemType: Bug
ApportVersion: 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.3
Architecture: amd64
AudioDevicesInUse:
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
 /dev/snd/controlC1: davidian 1948 F.... pulseaudio
 /dev/snd/controlC0: davidian 1948 F.... pulseaudio
 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p: davidian 1948 F...m pulseaudio
CasperMD5CheckResult: skip
CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 20.04
InstallationDate: Installed on 2020-06-28 (0 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS "Focal Fossa" - Release amd64 (20200423)
MachineType: Dell Inc. Precision 3510
Package: linux (not installed)
ProcEnviron:
 TERM=screen
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
ProcFB: 0 i915drmfb
ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-39-generic root=UUID=34bcf6e7-3a94-464b-8f3d-ccc463de0f2f ro modprobe.blacklist=radeon,amdgpu debug ignore_loglevel
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.4.0-39.43-generic 5.4.41
RelatedPackageVersions:
 linux-restricted-modules-5.4.0-39-generic N/A
 linux-backports-modules-5.4.0-39-generic N/A
 linux-firmware 1.187
Tags: focal
Uname: Linux 5.4.0-39-generic x86_64
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
UserGroups: adm cdrom dip lpadmin lxd plugdev sambashare sudo
_MarkForUpload: True
dmi.bios.date: 08/20/2018
dmi.bios.vendor: Dell Inc.
dmi.bios.version: 1.19.3
dmi.board.name: 0HMRN0
dmi.board.vendor: Dell Inc.
dmi.board.version: A00
dmi.chassis.type: 9
dmi.chassis.vendor: Dell Inc.
dmi.modalias: dmi:bvnDellInc.:bvr1.19.3:bd08/20/2018:svnDellInc.:pnPrecision3510:pvr:rvnDellInc.:rn0HMRN0:rvrA00:cvnDellInc.:ct9:cvr:
dmi.product.family: Precision
dmi.product.name: Precision 3510
dmi.product.sku: 06E0
dmi.sys.vendor: Dell Inc.