[Debian] High CVE: CVE-2017-16516/CVE-2022-24795/CVE-2023-33460 yajl: multiple CVEs

CVE-2017-16516: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16516

In the yajl-ruby gem 1.3.0 for Ruby, when a crafted JSON file is supplied to Yajl::Parser.new.parse, the whole ruby process crashes with a SIGABRT in the yajl_string_decode function in yajl_encode.c. This results in the whole ruby process terminating and potentially a denial of service.

CVE-2022-24795: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24795

yajl-ruby is a C binding to the YAJL JSON parsing and generation library. The 1.x branch and the 2.x branch of `yajl` contain an integer overflow which leads to subsequent heap memory corruption when dealing with large (~2GB) inputs. The reallocation logic at `yajl_buf.c#L64` may result in the `need` 32bit integer wrapping to 0 when `need` approaches a value of 0x80000000 (i.e. ~2GB of data), which results in a reallocation of buf->alloc into a small heap chunk. These integers are declared as `size_t` in the 2.x branch of `yajl`, which practically prevents the issue from triggering on 64bit platforms, however this does not preclude this issue triggering on 32bit builds on which `size_t` is a 32bit integer. Subsequent population of this under-allocated heap chunk is based on the original buffer size, leading to heap memory corruption. This vulnerability mostly impacts process availability. Maintainers believe exploitation for arbitrary code execution is unlikely. A patch is available and anticipated to be part of yajl-ruby version 1.4.2. As a workaround, avoid passing large inputs to YAJL.

CVE-2023-33460: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33460

There's a memory leak in yajl 2.1.0 with use of yajl_tree_parse function. which will cause out-of-memory in server and cause crash.

Base Score: High

Reference:

['yajl-tools_2.1.0-3_amd64.deb===>yajl-tools_2.1.0-3+deb11u2_amd64.deb', 'libyajl-dev_2.1.0-3_amd64.deb===>libyajl-dev_2.1.0-3+deb11u2_amd64.deb', 'libyajl2_2.1.0-3_amd64.deb===>libyajl2_2.1.0-3+deb11u2_amd64.deb']