Just for tracking the info and discussion on https://review.openstack.org/#/c/491663/:-
I too checked, the issue is only with --tls-disabled.
With tls-disabled --apiserver-host argument need to be passed, me neither know about auto discover, attaching kubectl log for dashboard with apiserver-host and without apiserver-host:-

with apiserver-host and tls-disabled:-
[fedora@k8-vc5zg2qymq-0-jpvbtet27xsw-kube-master-tok35nrnl64w ~]$ kubectl logs --namespace kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700-vbp2f
Using HTTP port: 9090
Creating API server client for https://10.254.0.1:443
Successful initial request to the apiserver, version: v1.5.3
Creating in-cluster Heapster client
Using service account token for csrf signing
[fedora@k8-vc5zg2qymq-0-jpvbtet27xsw-kube-master-tok35nrnl64w ~]$ kubectl describe po --namespace kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700-vbp2f
Name:		kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700-vbp2f
Namespace:	kube-system
Node:		k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq/10.0.0.11
Start Time:	Wed, 16 Aug 2017 12:59:41 +0000
Labels:		app=kubernetes-dashboard
		pod-template-hash=3203831700
Status:		Running
IP:		10.100.54.2
Controllers:	ReplicaSet/kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700
Containers:
  kubernetes-dashboard:
    Container ID:	docker://be274fc94a344e1a2be792a376f595012e043b1789712572ac40a294e2a59070
    Image:		gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.1
    Image ID:		docker-pullable://gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64@sha256:46a09eb9c611e625e7de3fcf325cf78e629d002e57dc80348e9b0638338206b5
    Port:		9090/TCP
    State:		Running
      Started:		Wed, 16 Aug 2017 13:00:36 +0000
    Ready:		True
    Restart Count:	0
    Liveness:		http-get http://:9090/ delay=30s timeout=30s period=10s #success=1 #failure=3
    Volume Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-zqthp (ro)
    Environment Variables:	<none>
Conditions:
  Type		Status
  Initialized 	True 
  Ready 	True 
  PodScheduled 	True 
Volumes:
  default-token-zqthp:
    Type:	Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:	default-token-zqthp
QoS Class:	BestEffort
Tolerations:	dedicated=master:Equal:NoSchedule
Events:
  FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From								SubObjectPath				Type		Reason			Message
  ---------	--------	-----	----								-------------				--------	------			-------
  3m		3m		1	{default-scheduler }											Normal		Scheduled		Successfully assigned kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700-vbp2f to k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq
  2m		2m		1	{kubelet k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq}	spec.containers{kubernetes-dashboard}	Normal		Pulling			pulling image "gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.1"
  2m		2m		2	{kubelet k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq}						Warning		MissingClusterDNS	kubelet does not have ClusterDNS IP configured and cannot create Pod using "ClusterFirst" policy. Falling back to DNSDefault policy.
  2m		2m		1	{kubelet k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq}	spec.containers{kubernetes-dashboard}	Normal		Pulled			Successfully pulled image "gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.5.1"
  2m		2m		1	{kubelet k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq}	spec.containers{kubernetes-dashboard}	Normal		Created			Created container with docker id be274fc94a34; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
  2m		2m		1	{kubelet k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq}	spec.containers{kubernetes-dashboard}	Normal		Started			Started container with docker id be274fc94a34
[fedora@k8-vc5zg2qymq-0-jpvbtet27xsw-kube-master-tok35nrnl64w ~]$ kubectl get po --namespace kube-system
NAME                                                               READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-controller-manager-10.0.0.5                                   1/1       Running   0          3m
kube-podmaster-10.0.0.5                                            2/2       Running   0          4m
kube-proxy-10.0.0.5                                                1/1       Running   0          4m
kube-proxy-k8-dseyedlnyv-0-kgkosjcptyzi-kube-minion-nlyae2xbfbvq   1/1       Running   0          3m
kube-scheduler-10.0.0.5                                            1/1       Running   0          3m
kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700-vbp2f                              1/1       Running   0          3m


----------------
without apiserver-host and tls-enabled:-
[fedora@k8-vc5zg2qymq-0-jpvbtet27xsw-kube-master-tok35nrnl64w ~]$ kubectl logs --namespace kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-3203831700-vbp2f
Using HTTP port: 9090
Creating API server client for https://10.254.0.1:443
Successful initial request to the apiserver, version: v1.5.3
Creating in-cluster Heapster client
Using service account token for csrf signing


Also see: https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/v1.6.3/src/deploy/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml#L67-L71