Regarding #14:

simon@laptop:~$ ssh -vv -p 2222 pi@192.168.0.254 echo foobar
OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/simon/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.254 [192.168.0.254] port 2222.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/simon/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048
debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048
debug1: identity file /home/simon/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/simon/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/simon/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/simon/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/simon/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4
debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4 pat OpenSSH*
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.1p1 Debian-4
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: <email address hidden>,<email address hidden>,<email address hidden>,<email address hidden>,<email address hidden>,<email address hidden>,<email address hidden>,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,<email address hidden>
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,<email address hidden>
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,<email address hidden>,zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,<email address hidden>,zlib
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,<email address hidden>
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,<email address hidden>
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,<email address hidden>,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,<email address hidden>
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,<email address hidden>
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 
debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5
debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5
debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ECDSA e4:03:4b:3c:e4:83:a8:fe:80:35:fc:11:d4:9a:13:b0
debug1: checking without port identifier
debug1: Host '192.168.0.254' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/simon/.ssh/known_hosts:16
debug1: found matching key w/out port
debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct
debug2: kex_derive_keys
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: Roaming not allowed by server
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug2: key: /home/simon/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7fcc9db42930)
debug2: key: /home/simon/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))
debug2: key: /home/simon/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/simon/.ssh/id_rsa
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 279
debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp 9c:c3:dc:18:58:b0:0f:37:68:f2:f8:ce:d5:bd:ae:44
debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey).
Authenticated to 192.168.0.254 ([192.168.0.254]:2222).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug2: channel 0: send open
debug1: Requesting <email address hidden>
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug2: callback start
debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY
debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: Sending env LC_PAPER = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_ADDRESS = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_MONETARY = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_NUMERIC = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_TELEPHONE = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_IDENTIFICATION = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LANG = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_MEASUREMENT = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_TIME = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending env LC_NAME = de_DE.UTF-8
debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0
debug1: Sending command: echo foobar
debug2: channel 0: request exec confirm 1
debug2: callback done
debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768
debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152
debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0
debug2: exec request accepted on channel 0
foobar
debug2: channel 0: rcvd eof
debug2: channel 0: output open -> drain
debug2: channel 0: obuf empty
debug2: channel 0: close_write
debug2: channel 0: output drain -> closed
debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0
debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype <email address hidden> reply 0
debug2: channel 0: rcvd eow
debug2: channel 0: close_read
debug2: channel 0: input open -> closed
debug2: channel 0: rcvd close
debug2: channel 0: almost dead
debug2: channel 0: gc: notify user
debug2: channel 0: gc: user detached
debug2: channel 0: send close
debug2: channel 0: is dead
debug2: channel 0: garbage collecting
debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1
Transferred: sent 3152, received 1920 bytes, in 0.2 seconds
Bytes per second: sent 18845.6, received 11479.5
debug1: Exit status 0
simon@laptop:~$ 

pi@raspberrypi ~ $ uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 3.6.11+ #538 PREEMPT Fri Aug 30 20:42:08 BST 2013 armv6l GNU/Linux

The hdd's are ext3 and ext4, I've changed the back in time settings according. Thanks for the hint.